🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Zelkova serrata is primarily used for its timber, which is strong and durable. It can be coppiced for a sustainable yield of wood. The leaves can be used as mulch or compost. It provides shade and shelter in a permaculture system. Some cultivars have been selected for specific traits like disease resistance or ornamental value.
Permapeople description
Zelkova serrata, commonly known as Japanese zelkova, is a deciduous tree native to East Asia. It is valued for its attractive bark, graceful branching, and tolerance of urban conditions. The tree is often used as a street tree or shade tree.
Botanical description
Zelkova serrata is a deciduous tree native to East Asia, including Japan, Korea, and parts of China. It typically reaches heights of 80-100 feet tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 6 feet. The bark is smooth, gray-brown, and develops shallow furrows with age. The leaves are alternate, simple, ovate to oblong-ovate, 1-5 inches long, with serrated margins. Fall color is typically yellow, orange, or reddish-brown. The flowers are inconspicuous, greenish, and appear in spring. The fruit is a small, dry drupe. It is a relatively fast-growing tree when young.
Companion planting
Zelkova serrata is a relatively neutral companion plant. Avoid planting it too close to structures due to its potential size. Suitable companion plants include understory shrubs and groundcovers that benefit from dappled shade.
Propagation methods
Propagation is typically done by seed. Stratification is required for optimal germination. Zelkova serrata can also be propagated by softwood cuttings taken in early summer. Grafting is sometimes used to propagate specific cultivars.
History and traditions
In Japan, Zelkova serrata (Keyaki) is highly valued and has been used for centuries in construction, furniture making, and temple buildings. It is considered a symbol of strength and endurance. It is sometimes planted near shrines. The wood is also used to make traditional Japanese drums (taiko). In some cultures, the leaves are used medicinally.
Usage calendar
Flowering: Spring (April-May). Seed collection: Autumn (October-November). Planting: Spring or Autumn. Pruning: Late Winter or Early Spring before new growth begins.