🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Coastal Sandalwood is valued for its fragrant heartwood, which can be used in perfumery, incense, and traditional crafts. The seeds are edible and the oil extracted from them has medicinal properties. It can be used as a windbreak or hedge in coastal environments, as it is salt-tolerant. The berries are eaten by native birds, thus fostering local biodiversity. The bark can be used to create natural dyes.
Permapeople description
Santalum ellipticum, known as Coast Sandalwood or 'Iliahi, is a species of flowering plant in the sandalwood family, Santalaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It grows as a shrub or small tree, typically near the coast. It is known for its fragrant wood.
Botanical description
Santalum ellipticum is a shrub or small tree in the sandalwood family. It typically grows to a height of 1 to 6 meters. The leaves are elliptic to ovate, usually 3 to 8 cm long, and are arranged oppositely. Flowers are small, inconspicuous, and can be green, white, or reddish. The fruits are small, fleshy drupes that turn dark purple or black when ripe. The bark is smooth and gray-brown. It is native to Hawaii, where it is found in coastal and dry forest habitats.
Companion planting
Santalum ellipticum is a root hemiparasite and benefits from growing near host plants. Suitable companion plants include native Hawaiian shrubs and grasses that can provide structural support and facilitate nutrient transfer. Avoid planting near overly aggressive or invasive species that could outcompete the sandalwood.
Propagation methods
Propagation can be achieved through seeds, cuttings, or air layering. Seed propagation is typically slow. Cuttings should be taken from semi-hardwood in spring or summer. Grafting onto related species is also possible.
History and traditions
In Native Hawaiian culture, 'iliahi (Santalum ellipticum, along with other Santalum species) was highly valued for its fragrant wood, which was used in religious ceremonies, to scent clothing and bedding, and in medicinal preparations. The wood was a significant trade item, and its exploitation led to the decline of some sandalwood populations. The fragrant heartwood was a symbol of prestige and spirituality.
Usage calendar
Flowering can occur year-round but is most prominent in spring and summer. Fruits ripen in the fall and winter. Planting is best done during the wet season to establish roots. Pruning is typically done after flowering to maintain shape and encourage bushier growth.