🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
While primarily considered a weed, young leaves and stems can be eaten after thorough cooking to remove spines and bitterness. The seeds yield an edible oil. Useful as a pioneer species on degraded land, helping to build soil. Attracts pollinators and beneficial insects. Not generally recommended for small gardens due to its invasive potential. No significant medicinal usages are broadly documented.
Permapeople description
Onopordum illyricum, commonly known as Illyrian thistle or cotton thistle, is a species of thistle native to the Mediterranean region. It is a tall, spiny plant with distinctive cottony leaves and purple flowers. It is considered an invasive species in some areas.
Botanical description
Onopordum illyricum is a biennial or short-lived perennial herb, growing up to 8 feet tall. Stems are erect, stout, and winged, covered in dense, cottony hairs. Leaves are large, deeply lobed, and spiny. Flower heads are globular, 1-2 inches in diameter, with purple to pink florets. Bracts surrounding the flower head are tipped with sharp spines. The plant forms a large taproot. Seeds are oblong, brown, and topped with a pappus of bristles for wind dispersal. The plant reproduces primarily by seed. It is known for its rapid growth and ability to tolerate poor soil conditions.
Companion planting
Generally considered incompatible with most garden plants due to its invasive nature and ability to outcompete other species. No specifically beneficial companion plants are known. Should be isolated from desirable plants to prevent spread.
Propagation methods
Primarily by seed. Seeds germinate readily in disturbed soil. Division of young plants is possible but less common. Root cuttings may also be successful.
History and traditions
Historically, thistles in general have been associated with protection and resilience. The legend of the Scottish thistle saving the country from invasion is well-known. While Onopordum illyricum specifically doesn't have a strong traditional use history, other Onopordum species have been used in traditional medicine and as food sources in times of famine. It is considered a symbol of Scotland in some contexts, although other thistle species are more commonly associated.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs in summer (June-August). Seed maturation occurs in late summer and fall (August-October). Planting of seeds is best done in spring or fall. Pruning, if desired, should be done after flowering to prevent seed dispersal.