
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
The seeds are edible and a good source of carbohydrates and protein, often roasted or popped like popcorn. The leaves and rhizomes are also reportedly edible after cooking but less commonly consumed. In permaculture, it can be used in aquatic systems or constructed wetlands to provide food and habitat for wildlife, as well as acting as a water filter.
Permapeople description
Euryale ferox, commonly known as foxnut, makhana, or prickly water lily, is an aquatic plant species found in Asia. Its seeds are edible and are used in various culinary preparations. The plant has large, round, floating leaves covered in spines.
Botanical description
Euryale ferox is an annual aquatic plant with large, floating, circular leaves that can reach up to 4 feet in diameter. The leaves are heavily armed with spines on the underside and along the veins. The plant produces purple flowers which are submerged and self-pollinating. The seeds are round, black, and about the size of a pea, enclosed within a spongy fruit.
Companion planting
As an aquatic plant, companion planting is less relevant. However, it can provide shade and habitat for fish and other aquatic organisms, which can benefit other plants in an integrated aquatic system. Avoid planting with aggressive aquatic plants that may outcompete it for space and resources.
Propagation methods
Primarily propagated by seeds. The seeds require specific conditions for germination, often involving scarification and controlled water temperatures. They can be directly sown into shallow water or started indoors and then transplanted. Division is not applicable as it's an annual plant.
History and traditions
Euryale ferox, known as Makhana, has a long history of cultivation and consumption in India and East Asia, particularly in China. It is often associated with religious ceremonies and festivals and considered a sacred food in some traditions. It has been used in traditional medicine for its perceived health benefits, particularly for kidney and spleen health.
Usage calendar
Flowering typically occurs in summer. Seeds are harvested in the fall. Planting seeds ideally occurs in spring when water temperatures are consistently warm.