🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Coca leaves are primarily used as a stimulant, traditionally chewed to alleviate hunger, thirst, fatigue, and altitude sickness. They can also be brewed into tea. Coca's medicinal properties include use as a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor. From a garden perspective, it's a demanding plant requiring specific soil and climate conditions, primarily used for cultural or potential economic value in appropriate regions. No specific cultivars are commonly mentioned in permaculture contexts.
Permapeople description
Erythroxylum coca is a tropical shrub in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to northwestern South America. It is known for its leaves, which contain the alkaloid cocaine.
Botanical description
Erythroxylum coca is a flowering plant in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America. It is an evergreen shrub typically reaching a height of 2 to 3 meters (6 to 10 feet). The leaves are oval, thin, and translucent, with a characteristic parallel venation. Small, white flowers develop into red berries. The plant thrives in warm, humid environments with well-drained, acidic soil. Several varieties exist, with 'Coca' and 'Novo-Granatense' being the most cultivated.
Companion planting
Information on specific companion planting for Erythroxylum coca is limited. Due to its specific environmental requirements, coca is generally cultivated in specialized environments rather than mixed with other crops. Further research is needed to determine beneficial or detrimental companion plants.
Propagation methods
Coca is typically propagated from seeds or stem cuttings. Seed germination can be challenging and requires specific conditions. Stem cuttings are often preferred for faster and more reliable propagation. Air layering can also be used.
History and traditions
Coca has a long history of use in Andean cultures, dating back thousands of years. It was considered a sacred plant and used in religious ceremonies, as well as for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Indigenous communities traditionally chewed coca leaves for energy and to cope with the harsh mountain environment. The plant's use became controversial with the extraction of cocaine and its subsequent association with illegal drug trafficking.
Usage calendar
Flowering typically occurs throughout the year in suitable climates. Harvesting of leaves can occur multiple times per year, typically after 3-6 months from the last harvest. Planting is best done during the rainy season to ensure adequate moisture. Pruning can be done to maintain shape and promote leaf production throughout the year.