🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
The starchy pith of the trunk can be eaten, though it requires processing to remove toxins. The fronds can be used as a mulch or green manure. Young fronds (koru) are edible after cooking. Its dramatic appearance makes it a striking ornamental plant in sheltered locations.
Permapeople description
Black tree fern, a species of tree fern native to New Zealand.
Botanical description
Cyathea medullaris is a large tree fern endemic to New Zealand. It can reach heights of up to 20 meters (66 feet) with a trunk diameter of up to 50 cm (20 inches). The trunk is black and covered in persistent bases of old fronds. The fronds are tripinnate and can be up to 4 meters (13 feet) long. The sori (spore-bearing structures) are located on the underside of the fronds. It prefers moist, sheltered environments and is found in forests and along stream banks.
Companion planting
No specific companion planting information is readily available for Cyathea medullaris. It generally thrives in the understory of forests, suggesting compatibility with other shade-tolerant plants. Avoid planting near aggressive, sun-loving species that may outcompete it.
Propagation methods
Propagation is typically by spores, which requires specialized knowledge and equipment. It is a difficult plant to propagate vegetatively, although division of small plants may be possible with careful technique.
History and traditions
The Mamaku holds significant cultural importance for Maori people. The starchy pith of the trunk was a traditional food source, especially during times of scarcity. The fronds were used for various purposes, including weaving and construction. It is also considered a symbol of strength and resilience.
Usage calendar
Spores are typically released throughout the year, but are most abundant during the warmer months. New fronds emerge in spring and summer. Harvesting of the pith, if practiced, would traditionally occur during the cooler months when other food sources are scarce. Planting is best done in spring or autumn.