Azarole, Mediterranean Medlar, Azerole, Neapolitan Medlar
Crataegus azarolus
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
The azarole fruit is edible, often eaten fresh or used in preserves, jams, and jellies. Some cultivars are sweeter and more palatable than others. The trees provide habitat and forage for wildlife. They can be used as a rootstock for grafting other fruit trees. Azaroles make a good thorny hedge or windbreak. The flowers are attractive to pollinators.
Permapeople description
Azarole is a shrub or small tree in the rose family. It is native to the Mediterranean region.
Botanical description
Crataegus azarolus is a shrub or small tree typically reaching 3–10 meters in height. It has thorny branches and deciduous leaves that are deeply lobed, resembling those of a maple. The flowers are white or pink, appearing in clusters in spring. The fruits are small, round pomes, ranging in color from yellow to orange to red, depending on the cultivar. They contain one to three hard seeds. The bark is gray-brown and becomes fissured with age. Azarole is native to the Mediterranean region and parts of the Middle East.
Companion planting
Azarole can be grown in hedgerows alongside other thorny plants, providing mutual protection. It is generally considered to be compatible with most other fruit trees, although adequate spacing should be provided to ensure proper sunlight and air circulation. Avoid planting near plants susceptible to similar diseases or pests.
Propagation methods
Propagation can be achieved through seed sowing, although seeds require stratification for optimal germination. Cuttings, particularly root cuttings, can also be successful. Grafting onto compatible Crataegus rootstocks is another common method, especially for selected cultivars.
History and traditions
The azarole has been cultivated since ancient times in the Mediterranean region. Its fruits were valued for their sweet-tart flavor. It was used in traditional medicine for various ailments. The tree holds symbolic importance in some cultures, often associated with protection and good fortune. Historical records indicate that the azarole was grown by the Romans and Greeks.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs in spring (April-May). Fruits ripen in late summer to early autumn (August-October). Planting is best done in late autumn or early spring. Pruning should be carried out during the dormant season (late winter). Harvesting is done when the fruits are fully colored and slightly soft to the touch.