Roman Chamomile, English Chamomile, Garden Chamomile, Common Chamomile, Ground Apple
Chamaemelum nobile
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Roman chamomile is primarily used as a ground cover, releasing beneficial compounds into the soil and acting as a companion plant to deter pests. It is known for its apple-like aroma when walked upon. The flowers can be used to make a calming tea with medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. Chamomile is also used in companion planting to improve the growth and flavor of nearby plants, particularly brassicas. It attracts beneficial insects like hoverflies and ladybugs that prey on aphids.
Permapeople description
Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) is a low-growing perennial plant native to Western Europe. It has fine, feathery leaves and small, white, daisy-like flowers that have a mild, apple-like scent. The plant grows to a height of about 10-15 cm and spreads to about 30-45 cm. It grows slowly and can be differentiated from other plants by its fine leaves and apple-scented flowers.
Roman chamomile prefers well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. It is a hardy plant that can tolerate cold temperatures, but it may go dormant in the winter. To cultivate it successfully, a grower may need to plant it in a location with plenty of sunlight and water it regularly.
Roman chamomile is edible and the flowers and leaves can be used to make tea. The flowers can also be used to add flavor to dishes and drinks. After harvest, the edible parts can be stored in an airtight container.
Roman chamomile has many uses. It has long been used medicinally to help with digestion and to promote relaxation. It is also used as a natural insect repellent and can be added to beauty products. The plant is also valued for its ability to attract pollinators and other beneficial insects to the garden.
Botanical description
Chamaemelum nobile is a low-growing perennial plant in the Asteraceae family, typically reaching heights of 8-12 inches. It features finely divided, feathery leaves and small, daisy-like flowers with white petals surrounding a yellow disc. The plant spreads via creeping stems and prefers well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. The entire plant is aromatic, especially when crushed. It is native to Europe and North Africa but is now cultivated worldwide.
Companion planting
Favorable: Cabbage, onions, basil, mint, brassicas. Unfavorable: Avoid planting near fennel as it can inhibit growth.
Propagation methods
Roman chamomile can be propagated by seed, division, or cuttings. Seeds can be sown directly in the garden in spring or fall. Division involves separating established plants into smaller clumps. Cuttings can be taken from stem tips in spring or summer and rooted in moist soil or water.
History and traditions
Roman chamomile has a long history of use in traditional medicine, dating back to ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. It was used to treat a variety of ailments, including insomnia, anxiety, digestive problems, and skin irritations. In medieval Europe, it was strewn on floors to release its fragrance and freshen the air. The plant's calming properties have been recognized for centuries, and it continues to be a popular herbal remedy today.
Usage calendar
Flowering: June to August. Harvesting: Flowers are harvested when fully open, typically in summer. Planting: Spring or fall. Pruning: After flowering to maintain shape and encourage new growth.