🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Caraway seeds are edible and used as a spice. The leaves and roots can also be eaten. Caraway has medicinal properties, traditionally used for digestive ailments. It attracts beneficial insects to the garden. The 'Black' caraway cultivar has a stronger flavor.
Permapeople description
Caraway, also known as meridian fennel or Persian cumin, is a biennial plant in the Apiaceae family. Its fruits (often mistakenly called seeds) are used as a spice in various cuisines. The plant has feathery leaves and umbels of white or pink flowers. Caraway prefers well-drained soil and full sun.
Botanical description
Carum carvi, commonly known as caraway, is a biennial plant in the Apiaceae family. It is native to Europe and western Asia and widely cultivated. The plant has a fleshy taproot and slender, erect stems, typically reaching 1-2 feet in height. The leaves are finely divided and feathery. The flowers are small, white or pinkish, arranged in umbels. The fruit is an oblong-shaped schizocarp, commonly called caraway seed. It is brown with five pale ridges.
Companion planting
Caraway is a good companion plant for peas and other legumes, as it helps to deter pests. It is said to attract predatory wasps that control aphids and other harmful insects. Avoid planting near fennel as they can cross-pollinate.
Propagation methods
Propagation is primarily by seed. Direct sowing in late summer or early spring is recommended. Caraway can also self-seed readily. Seedlings should be thinned to allow adequate space for growth. Division of older plants is possible but less common.
History and traditions
Caraway has a long history of use, dating back to ancient times. Archaeological evidence suggests its use in prehistoric Europe. It was used medicinally by the ancient Egyptians and Romans. In the Middle Ages, it was believed to have protective powers against evil spirits. Caraway seeds have traditionally been used in breads, cakes, and cheeses in various cultures.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs in late spring to early summer (May-June). Seeds are typically harvested in late summer (August-September) of the second year. Planting can be done in spring or late summer. Pruning is not generally required, but spent flower heads can be removed.