Tung tree, China wood oil tree, Bois d'huile de Chine, Arbre à vernis de Chine
Vernicia fordii
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Tung oil extracted from the seeds is used as a drying oil in paints, varnishes, and wood finishes. Not edible; the seeds are toxic. No specific permaculture garden utility beyond oil production.
Permapeople description
A deciduous tree with large, ovate leaves and white flowers, cultivated for its seeds which yield tung oil, used in paints and varnishes.
Botanical description
Vernicia fordii is a deciduous tree in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It typically grows to a height of 15-25 feet. It has a spreading crown and smooth gray bark. The leaves are alternate, simple, ovate to heart-shaped, and 4-10 inches long with long petioles. The flowers are produced in clusters before the leaves emerge in spring, with five white petals and red or yellow markings at the base. The fruit is a hard, globular drupe, about 1.5-2 inches in diameter, containing 3-7 seeds.
Companion planting
Limited information available. Consider companion planting with nitrogen-fixing plants to improve soil fertility. Avoid planting near water sources due to potential oil contamination from dropped seeds.
Propagation methods
Primarily propagated by seed. Cuttings are possible, but less reliable. Grafting can also be used to propagate desirable cultivars.
History and traditions
Tung oil has been used in China for centuries as a waterproofing agent for boats and buildings. It was introduced to the West in the early 20th century and became an important ingredient in paints and varnishes. Traditional uses include medicinal applications for skin ailments and as a protective coating. However, due to toxicity concerns, internal use is discouraged.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs in spring (April-May). Fruit ripens in autumn (September-October). Seeds should be sown in spring after scarification. Pruning is best done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Harvesting is typically in Autumn.