Tree marigold, Mexican sunflower, Japanese sunflower, Nitobe chrysanthemum
Tithonia diversifolia
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Edible young leaves and shoots (cooked); green manure/chop-and-drop fertilizer due to high nutrient content, especially phosphorus; animal fodder; potential source of biofuel; attracts beneficial insects (pollinators, predators of pests); living fence; erosion control; used in alley cropping systems. It can also be used to improve soil health and suppress weeds.
Permapeople description
Tithonia diversifolia, also known as the Mexican sunflower, is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It is native to Mexico and Central America.
Botanical description
Tithonia diversifolia is a fast-growing, shrubby or semi-woody perennial plant in the Asteraceae family. It typically reaches heights of 6-10 feet. The leaves are deeply lobed, resembling those of a sunflower, and are 8-12 inches long. The flowers are bright yellow, daisy-like, and 3-5 inches in diameter. It has a strong taproot and extensive root system, contributing to its ability to extract nutrients from the soil. Fruits are achenes, dispersed by wind and animals. It thrives in tropical and subtropical climates.
Companion planting
Generally a good companion plant due to its ability to attract beneficial insects. It can be used as a living fence or windbreak to protect more sensitive crops. Avoid planting too close to crops that are sensitive to shade or allelopathic effects, although the allelopathic effects are generally weak. Can be intercropped with maize, beans, and vegetables to improve soil fertility and pest control.
Propagation methods
Stem cuttings are the easiest and most common method. Seeds can also be used, though germination rates may vary. Direct sowing or transplanting of seedlings are both effective. Division of mature plants is possible but less common.
History and traditions
Originally native to Mexico and Central America, Tithonia diversifolia has been introduced to many tropical regions worldwide. It has a history of use in traditional medicine in some cultures, primarily for wound healing, anti-inflammatory purposes, and treatment of gastrointestinal issues. It has also been used as animal feed and fertilizer in various agricultural practices.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs year-round in tropical climates, peaking during the rainy season. Harvesting for green manure or fodder can be done throughout the year as needed. Planting is best done during the rainy season to ensure good establishment. Pruning can be done periodically to control size and promote bushier growth.