Marking nut tree, Oriental cashew, Indian marking nut, varnish tree, bibba, biba
Semecarpus anacardium
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
The fruit is edible when properly processed to remove toxins. The nut oil is used medicinally for skin conditions and internally for digestive issues after processing. The tree provides shade and can be used for soil stabilization. Not commonly used in permaculture due to toxicity and specialized processing needs.
Permapeople description
Oriental Cashew, Marking Nut Tree
Botanical description
Semecarpus anacardium is a deciduous tree growing up to 12-15 meters tall. The leaves are large, simple, and obovate, arranged alternately on the branches. The flowers are small, greenish-white, and borne in panicles. The fruit is a drupe, consisting of a fleshy receptacle and a hard nut. The nut contains a caustic oil. The tree exudes a resinous sap.
Companion planting
Due to its toxicity, Semecarpus anacardium does not have well-documented beneficial companion plants. It may be best planted away from sensitive plants or areas frequented by children and pets.
Propagation methods
Propagation is typically done by seed. Seeds require scarification and pre-soaking to improve germination rates. Cuttings are difficult to root. Grafting and air layering are also possible but less common.
History and traditions
Historically, the nut oil has been used in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) for various ailments, including skin diseases, digestive problems, and nervous disorders. It has also been used as a marking ink, hence the name 'marking nut'. The nut is processed using traditional methods to reduce its toxicity before medicinal or other uses.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs typically in the hot season (March-May). Fruits mature during the rainy season (June-September). Seeds are best collected when the fruits are fully ripe. Planting is recommended at the start of the rainy season.