Scouler's willow, Pacific willow, Mountain willow, Black willow, Fire willow
Salix scouleriana
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Scouler's willow is useful for erosion control due to its extensive root system. It can be coppiced for basketry and fuelwood. The catkins are an early spring food source for pollinators. It provides habitat for wildlife. The bark contains salicin, a precursor to aspirin, and has medicinal properties. It can be used in living fences and windbreaks.
Permapeople description
Salix scouleriana is a species of willow native to western North America, from southern Alaska south to California and Arizona.
Botanical description
Salix scouleriana is a deciduous shrub or small tree, typically reaching heights of 6-20 feet, occasionally up to 40 feet. The bark is smooth and gray when young, becoming darker and furrowed with age. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate to obovate, 2-5 inches long and 0.5-1.5 inches wide, with entire or slightly toothed margins. They are dark green above and paler, often hairy, beneath. The catkins are erect, appearing before the leaves in early spring. Male and female catkins are on separate trees (dioecious). The capsules contain numerous small seeds with silky hairs for wind dispersal.
Companion planting
Scouler's willow can be used as a nurse plant for more sensitive species, providing shade and protection. It associates well with other riparian species and plants that thrive in moist conditions. Avoid planting near plants that prefer dry, alkaline soils.
Propagation methods
Propagation is typically achieved through hardwood cuttings taken in late fall or winter. Seeds can be sown in spring, though they have a short viability period. Layering is also a possible method.
History and traditions
Native American tribes have traditionally used Scouler's willow for medicinal purposes, including pain relief and treatment of fever, due to the presence of salicin. The bark was also used for tanning leather and making rope. The wood was used for tools and construction. The plant held spiritual significance for some tribes.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs in early spring (March-May). Seed dispersal follows shortly after flowering. Hardwood cuttings are best taken in late fall or winter (November-February). Planting can be done in spring or fall.