Amur Cork Tree, Sachalin Cork Tree, Chinese Cork Tree
Phellodendron amurense sachalinense
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
The bark is the source of cork and a yellow dye. Seeds are occasionally used in Chinese medicine. The bark and fruit have insecticidal properties. It provides excellent shade and is relatively drought tolerant once established, making it useful in silvopasture systems. Cultivars are selected for improved cork production and ornamental value. While the berries are bitter, they can be made into a gin-like spirit.
Permapeople description
Phellodendron amurense sachalinense is a subspecies of Phellodendron amurense native to Sakhalin Island and surrounding areas. It is known for its corky bark and medicinal properties.
Botanical description
Phellodendron amurense sachalinense is a subspecies of the Amur Cork Tree, a deciduous tree typically reaching 30 to 60 feet in height with a spreading crown. The bark is thick, deeply furrowed, and corky, gray-brown in color. Leaves are opposite, pinnately compound with 5-13 leaflets that are ovate to lanceolate, dark green, and aromatic when crushed. The tree is dioecious, bearing small, yellowish-green flowers in panicles in late spring. Female trees produce clusters of small, black, spherical fruits that ripen in autumn. The wood is yellow, hard, and durable.
Companion planting
The Amur Cork Tree generally has a neutral impact on companion plants. Its shade can benefit shade-tolerant species. Its allelopathic properties may inhibit the growth of some plants in close proximity, but this is not well-documented for the sachalinense subspecies.
Propagation methods
Seed propagation is possible, requiring stratification to break dormancy. Cuttings can be taken from semi-hardwood in summer. Root suckers can also be used for propagation.
History and traditions
The bark of Phellodendron amurense has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries under the name Huang Bai, primarily for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used to treat a variety of ailments, including skin infections, digestive issues, and urinary tract infections. In Western cultures, it is cultivated as an ornamental tree and for cork production.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs in late spring (May-June). Fruits ripen in autumn (September-October). Planting is best done in spring or fall. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring to remove dead or damaged branches.