Guinea grass, Herbe de Guinée, Foin de Guinée, Grand panic
Panicum maximum
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Guinea grass is primarily used as a forage grass for livestock. It provides high-quality grazing and can be cut for hay. It is also effective for erosion control due to its deep root system. In permaculture systems, it can be used as a living mulch or green manure. Some cultivars have been developed for increased palatability and yield.
Botanical description
Panicum maximum is a tall, tufted perennial grass, often growing up to 3 meters (10 feet) in height. The stems are erect and robust. Leaves are linear-lanceolate, typically 30-60 cm long and 1-3 cm wide, with a prominent midrib. The inflorescence is a large, open panicle, 20-50 cm long, bearing numerous spikelets. Spikelets are oval to oblong, 3-4 mm long, and contain one fertile floret and one sterile lemma. The root system is deep and extensive. It is adaptable to various soil types but prefers well-drained conditions. It is known for its rapid growth and high biomass production.
Companion planting
Guinea grass can compete with other plants for resources, particularly water and nutrients. It may suppress the growth of some smaller plants. However, it can also provide shade and ground cover, benefiting some companion species. Careful management is needed to balance its benefits and potential drawbacks.
Propagation methods
Guinea grass is typically propagated by seed. Seedlings can be transplanted once they are large enough to handle. Vegetative propagation through stem cuttings or division of clumps is also possible, although less common.
History and traditions
Originally native to Africa, Guinea grass has been introduced to many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It has been used traditionally as fodder for livestock in its native range for centuries. Its rapid growth and adaptability have made it a valuable resource for agriculture and pasture management in various cultures.
Usage calendar
Guinea grass is typically planted during the rainy season. Flowering occurs throughout the year in tropical climates, with peak flowering during warmer months. Harvesting for forage or hay can occur multiple times per year, depending on growth rates and rainfall. Pruning or cutting back can be done to encourage new growth and maintain desired plant height.