Clove basil, African basil, East Indian basil, Tree basil
Ocimum gratissimum
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Clove basil is used as a culinary herb with a strong clove-like flavor, a medicinal herb for treating various ailments, and as a pest repellent in gardens. Its leaves can be added to teas, soups, and stews. The essential oil is extracted for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. It acts as a beneficial insect attractant.
Permapeople description
African basil, also known as Ocimum gratissimum, is a perennial herb native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, and the Bismarck Archipelago. It typically grows to be about 1-3 feet tall, with a branching, upright growth habit. The leaves are oval-shaped and serrated, with a strong, pungent aroma. In the summer, the plant produces small, white flowers that are clustered together in elongated clusters.
The plant prefers full sun and well-drained, fertile soil. It is adaptable to a variety of soil types, but will not tolerate wet or poorly drained soils. To cultivate the plant successfully, a grower will need to provide it with adequate moisture during the growing season and protect it from extreme cold in the winter. The plant is not winter hardy and will need to be brought indoors or grown in a greenhouse in colder climates or can be grown as an annual herb.
The leaves and flowers of the African basil plant are edible and can be used fresh or dried in a variety of dishes. It has an intense clove aroma with tiny hints of thyme. The plant has a number of medicinal uses, including the treatment of digestive disorders, headaches, and respiratory problems. It is also valued for its insect-repelling properties and is often used as a natural insecticide. The plant has a number of other uses, including its use as a natural fertilizer and mulch. It is also valued by wildlife, providing food and shelter for a variety of birds and mammals.
Botanical description
Ocimum gratissimum is a perennial shrub that typically grows to a height of 1-3 meters. The leaves are ovate to elliptic, approximately 5-10 cm long and 3-7 cm wide, with serrated margins and a strong aromatic scent. The flowers are small, white or greenish-white, and arranged in terminal spikes. The plant thrives in warm, tropical climates and prefers well-drained soil. It is known for its high eugenol content, which contributes to its clove-like aroma and medicinal properties.
Companion planting
It is considered a good companion plant for tomatoes, peppers, and other vegetables as it repels pests such as whiteflies and aphids. Avoid planting near rue or other strong aromatic herbs that may compete for resources or negatively affect growth.
Propagation methods
Propagation methods include sowing seeds, stem cuttings, and layering. Seeds can be sown directly into the ground or started in pots. Stem cuttings root easily in water or soil. Layering involves bending a stem to the ground and covering it with soil until roots develop.
History and traditions
Historically, Ocimum gratissimum has been used in traditional medicine in various cultures across Africa and Asia. It has been used to treat coughs, colds, fever, and digestive issues. The leaves are often chewed or used in infusions for their medicinal benefits. It is also used in religious ceremonies and as a mosquito repellent.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs throughout the year in tropical climates. Harvesting leaves can be done regularly once the plant is established. Planting is best done during the rainy season. Pruning can be done to maintain the shape and size of the plant.