🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Goji berries are edible raw or cooked and are used in juices, teas, wines, and medicines. The leaves are also edible as a green vegetable. The plant attracts pollinators and can be used as a hedge. Some cultivars are more productive or have different fruit characteristics.
Permapeople description
Goji (Lycium barbarum), or wolfberry (Chinese: 枸杞; pinyin: gǒuqǐ), is a flowering plant native to Asia, specifically the regions of China, Mongolia, and Tibet. It is a woody perennial that can grow up to 10 feet in height and has green leaves that are elongated and somewhat hairy. The flowers are small and white, and the fruit is a bright red, oblong berry. It's closely related to Lycium chinense, but the fruits can be distinguished by differences in taste and sugar content.
In terms of growing conditions, goji plants prefer well-draining soil and full sun. They are drought-tolerant and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, making them well-suited to many different climates. However, they do require some protection from strong winds, as their branches can be brittle and easily broken.
The plant parts are called by the Latin names lycii fructus (fruit), herba lycii (leaves), etc., in modern official pharmacopeias.
Goji berries are edible and are often used in traditional Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Japanese medicine, since at least the 3rd century CE. They can be eaten fresh or dried, and are said to have a sweet and slightly sour taste. The berries can be stored for long periods of time, either in a cool, dry place or in the freezer.
In terms of their uses, goji berries are often used in herbal remedies to boost the immune system and improve overall health. They are also said to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The berries can also be used in cooking, either fresh or dried, and are often added to teas, smoothies, and other beverages.
Goji plants are also valued for their attractiveness to wildlife, including birds and insects. The berries are a favorite food of many species, and the plants provide habitat and shelter for a variety of creatures.
Botanical description
Lycium barbarum is a deciduous woody perennial plant, typically growing 1–3 meters tall. It has long, arching branches and ovate-lanceolate, bluish-green leaves that are arranged alternately or in fascicles. The flowers are lavender to light purple, bell-shaped, and about 1–2 cm long. The fruit is a bright orange-red, ellipsoid berry, 1–2 cm long, containing numerous small, flat seeds. It thrives in well-drained soil and full sun, tolerating drought and poor soil conditions. Native to southeastern Europe and Asia.
Companion planting
Goji berries are generally compatible with a wide range of plants. Avoid planting near plants sensitive to high nitrogen levels.
Propagation methods
Propagation is possible through seeds, softwood cuttings, and hardwood cuttings. Seeds should be stratified before sowing. Cuttings root easily in moist soil or water.
History and traditions
Goji berries have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years, believed to promote longevity and vitality. They have been traditionally consumed in soups, teas, and tonics. In Western cultures, goji berries have gained popularity as a health food and dietary supplement.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs in summer (June-August). Fruits ripen from late summer to autumn (August-October). Planting is best done in spring or fall. Pruning is recommended in late winter or early spring to remove dead or crossing branches and to maintain desired shape.