Lantana, Wild Lantana, Red Sage, Yellow Sage, Spanish Flag
Lantana camara
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Lantana camara, while considered invasive in many regions, can be used in permaculture systems for its drought tolerance, ability to attract pollinators (butterflies, bees, hummingbirds), and as a living mulch when managed appropriately. Certain cultivars are less invasive and more suitable. It can provide habitat for beneficial insects. Its leaves have been used medicinally, though this is not commonly practiced due to toxicity concerns. The berries are toxic when unripe but are reported to be edible when fully ripe, though extreme caution is advised and this usage is not generally recommended.
Permapeople description
Lantana camara is a species of flowering plant within the verbena family, Verbenaceae, that is native to the American tropics. It is a highly variable species, with a wide range of colors and growth habits. It is often considered a noxious weed, particularly in Australia, South Africa, and parts of the United States.
Botanical description
Lantana camara is a sprawling shrub, typically growing to 2-6 feet tall, sometimes climbing. It has rough, ovate leaves with serrated edges. The flowers are small and tubular, arranged in rounded clusters called umbels. The flower colors are variable, often changing as they mature, and include combinations of red, orange, yellow, pink, and white. The fruits are small, fleshy berries that are initially green, turning black or dark purple when ripe. The stems are somewhat prickly. It is native to tropical America but has naturalized in many warm regions around the world.
Companion planting
Lantana camara can attract pollinators, benefiting other flowering plants in the garden. However, its aggressive growth can outcompete other plants. Consider its invasive potential when planting near native or sensitive species. It can be used as a barrier plant to deter certain pests, but its overall impact on plant communities is complex and varies depending on the environment.
Propagation methods
Lantana camara can be propagated through seeds, cuttings, or layering. Seed propagation requires scarification or soaking to improve germination rates. Cuttings root easily in moist soil or water. Layering involves bending a branch to the ground and covering a portion with soil until roots develop.
History and traditions
Lantana camara has a history of traditional medicinal uses in various cultures, including treatments for skin ailments, respiratory problems, and digestive issues. However, its toxicity has led to caution and reduced reliance on these uses. In some cultures, it has been used for ornamental purposes and as a hedge plant. Its introduction to various regions has often been driven by its aesthetic appeal, but its invasive nature has led to negative consequences.
Usage calendar
Flowering: Year-round in warm climates, typically spring through fall in cooler regions. Planting: Spring or early summer after the last frost. Pruning: Late winter or early spring to control size and shape. Harvesting (berries): Fall, though consumption is not recommended due to toxicity concerns. Seed collection: Fall.