Niger seed, Niger, Nyger, Ramtil, Inga seed, Blackseed
Guizotia abyssinica
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Niger seed is primarily cultivated for its edible oil-rich seeds. The oil is used for cooking and lighting. The seed cake remaining after oil extraction is used as livestock feed. It attracts pollinators and is used as a green manure crop to improve soil fertility and structure. It's considered a good trap crop for some pests. Subspecies and cultivars vary in oil content and maturity time.
Permapeople description
Guizotia abyssinica is an erect, stout, annual herb, grown for its edible oil and seed. Its cultivation originated in the Ethiopian highlands, and has spread to other parts of Africa, as well as India. Common names include niger, niger seed, blackseed and ramtil.
Botanical description
Guizotia abyssinica is an erect, stout, branched annual herb growing up to 1-2 meters tall. The leaves are opposite, lanceolate to oblong, and serrated. The flower heads are yellow and daisy-like, borne on long peduncles. The seeds are small, black, and oblong. It is native to the Ethiopian highlands and is now cultivated in various parts of the world. It belongs to the Asteraceae family.
Companion planting
Information is limited, but it is reported that it might be a suitable companion for crops that benefit from weed suppression due to its rapid growth. Avoid planting near plants susceptible to common sunflower pests, as they might be shared.
Propagation methods
Niger seed is typically propagated by sowing seeds directly into the field after the last frost. It can also be started indoors and transplanted. The seeds require light for germination. Self-seeding can also occur.
History and traditions
Niger seed has a long history of cultivation in Ethiopia, where it originated. It has been used for centuries as a food source and in traditional medicine. In some cultures, the oil is used for massage and skin care. It is also used in birdseed mixtures worldwide.
Usage calendar
Sowing: Late spring to early summer. Flowering: Summer to early fall. Harvesting: Late fall. Oil extraction can occur throughout the year after harvesting and drying.