Holywood Lignum-vitae, Holywood, Lignum Vitae, Tree of Life
Guaiacum sanctum
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Guaiacum sanctum is valued for its extremely dense and durable wood, used in various applications requiring strength and resistance to wear. The resin (guaiac) has medicinal properties and is used in some traditional remedies. While not a primary edible plant, the plant's ecological role in supporting local biodiversity is important for permaculture systems. Its ability to grow in harsh coastal environments makes it useful for erosion control in these areas. No specific cultivars for enhanced utility are widely documented.
Permapeople description
Guaiacum sanctum, also known as holywood or lignum vitae, is a species of flowering plant in the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae. It is native to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America and is used for medicinal purposes and as a source of resin.
Botanical description
Guaiacum sanctum is a slow-growing evergreen tree, typically reaching heights of 20-40 feet. The bark is smooth and grayish-brown. The leaves are compound, pinnate, and leathery, with 2-3 pairs of obovate to elliptic leaflets. The flowers are small, blue to purple, and occur in clusters. The fruit is a heart-shaped, yellowish capsule containing black seeds. The wood is extremely dense, heavy, and self-lubricating due to its resin content, making it highly prized for bearings and other mechanical applications. It is native to the Caribbean and parts of Central America.
Companion planting
Information on specific companion planting relationships is limited. However, as a native tree, it likely supports a diverse range of native insect and bird species, contributing to overall ecosystem health. Avoid planting near plants that require significantly different soil pH or moisture levels. Consider planting alongside other native Caribbean or Central American species to create a harmonious and ecologically balanced environment.
Propagation methods
Propagation is typically achieved through seeds, though germination rates can be low and require scarification or other pre-treatment. Cuttings are also possible, but can be challenging. Grafting may be used to propagate desirable traits.
History and traditions
Historically, Guaiacum sanctum was highly valued for its medicinal properties, particularly its resin (guaiac), which was used to treat a variety of ailments, including gout, rheumatism, and syphilis. It was exported to Europe in the 16th century and became a popular remedy. The wood was also prized for its durability and used in shipbuilding and other applications requiring strong, rot-resistant material. Traditional uses by indigenous populations likely included medicinal applications and construction.
Usage calendar
Flowering typically occurs throughout the year, depending on the specific location and climate. Seed collection can take place when the fruits are mature. Planting is best done during the rainy season to ensure adequate moisture for establishment. Pruning is generally not necessary, except to remove dead or damaged branches.