Red Escallonia, Chilean Escallonia, Crimson Escallonia
Escallonia rubra
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Escallonia rubra is primarily used as a hedging plant or windbreak in permaculture systems, providing shelter for more delicate plants and creating microclimates. Its dense foliage offers habitat for beneficial insects and birds. The flowers attract pollinators like bees and butterflies. Some cultivars, like 'Crimson Spire,' offer more compact growth habits suitable for smaller gardens.
Permapeople description
Escallonia rubra is a shrub or small tree native to Chile and Argentina. It typically grows to a height of 2-4 meters and has glossy green leaves and clusters of red or pink flowers. It is often cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Botanical description
Escallonia rubra is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to Chile. It typically grows to a height of 6-15 feet. The leaves are small, glossy, and dark green, with finely toothed margins. The flowers are small, tubular, and typically deep red or crimson, borne in clusters at the ends of branches. They bloom profusely in summer. The fruit is a small capsule containing numerous seeds. The bark is gray-brown and slightly furrowed.
Companion planting
Escallonia rubra is generally considered a good companion plant for other shrubs and perennials that benefit from wind protection and partial shade. Its dense growth can provide shelter for more delicate species. Avoid planting near plants that require very dry conditions, as Escallonia rubra prefers well-drained but consistently moist soil.
Propagation methods
Escallonia rubra can be propagated by seeds, semi-hardwood cuttings, or layering. Seed propagation is slower, requiring scarification or stratification to improve germination rates. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late summer or early fall root relatively easily with the application of rooting hormone. Layering is also a reliable method, particularly for lower branches.
History and traditions
In its native Chile, Escallonia rubra has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes, though specific details are scarce. It is primarily valued as an ornamental plant worldwide, introduced to Europe and other regions for its attractive foliage and flowers. It has gained popularity for its tolerance to coastal conditions and its ability to be pruned into hedges.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs mainly in summer (June-August). Propagation by cuttings is best done in late summer or early fall (August-October). Planting is typically done in spring or fall. Pruning can be carried out after flowering to maintain shape and size.