Silverberry, Wolf Willow, Silver Willow, American Silverberry
Elaeagnus commutata
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Elaeagnus commutata is a nitrogen-fixing shrub, making it valuable for soil improvement and as a companion plant. The berries are edible but mealy; best used in jellies or combined with other fruits. The seeds are also edible and nutritious. It's used in windbreaks and erosion control due to its dense growth and tolerance of poor soils. Deer browse can be problematic.
Permapeople description
Elaeagnus commutata, known as Silverberry or Wolf Willow, is a nitrogen-fixing shrub native to North America. It features silvery leaves and fragrant yellow flowers, followed by dry, silvery fruits. It's often used for erosion control and wildlife habitat.
Botanical description
Elaeagnus commutata is a deciduous shrub or small tree, typically growing to 3-12 feet (1-4 meters) tall. The leaves are alternate, oval to lanceolate, 1-4 inches (2-10 cm) long, and silvery-green due to dense scales. The flowers are small, fragrant, and silvery-yellow, appearing in late spring to early summer. The fruit is a dry, silvery berry-like drupe, about 1/2 inch (1.2 cm) long. It is native to North America, ranging from Alaska to Quebec and south to Utah and Nebraska. It spreads via root suckers, forming colonies.
Companion planting
Elaeagnus commutata's nitrogen-fixing ability makes it a beneficial companion for many plants, especially those with high nitrogen needs. Avoid planting near sensitive plants that may be overwhelmed by the increased nitrogen levels initially. It can be used as a nurse crop to improve soil fertility for other trees and shrubs.
Propagation methods
Propagation is typically done by seed, root cuttings, or suckers. Seed germination can be improved by scarification and stratification. Root cuttings should be taken in late fall or early winter. Suckers can be dug up and transplanted.
History and traditions
Native American tribes have historically used silverberry for medicinal purposes, including treating skin conditions and gastrointestinal issues. The berries were also used as a food source, often mixed with other berries or dried for winter use. The silvery branches were sometimes used for ornamental or ceremonial purposes.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs in late spring to early summer (May-June). Fruit ripens in late summer to early fall (August-September). Planting is best done in spring or fall. Pruning, if necessary, should be done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.