Japanese millet, Billion dollar grass, Sawa millet, Sanwa millet, Barnyard millet, Indian barnyard millet
Echinochloa frumentacea
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Japanese millet is primarily used as a grain crop for human consumption and animal feed. It's a fast-growing, drought-tolerant crop that can be used as a quick cover crop to prevent soil erosion and suppress weeds. The grain is gluten-free and can be used to make flour, porridge, and other dishes. It can also be used as birdseed. Certain cultivars are better suited for grazing livestock than grain production.
Permapeople description
A fast-growing annual grass cultivated for its grain and fodder.
Botanical description
Echinochloa frumentacea, commonly known as Japanese millet, is an annual grass belonging to the Poaceae family. It typically grows to a height of 2-4 feet. The stems are erect and smooth. The leaves are linear, flat, and about 10-40 cm long and 5-15 mm wide. The inflorescence is a compact, spike-like panicle, typically drooping or nodding at maturity. The grains are small, oval, and pale yellow to brown in color. The plant thrives in warm climates and can tolerate a wide range of soil conditions.
Companion planting
Generally considered a good companion plant for many crops due to its ability to suppress weeds. It can be intercropped with legumes like beans and peas. However, it can become invasive in certain environments and may compete with other crops for resources if not managed properly.
Propagation methods
Japanese millet is primarily propagated by seed. Seeds are sown directly into the ground after the last frost. Broadcasting is common, but drilling allows for more even spacing. It can self-seed if allowed to mature and shed its seeds. No special pre-treatment is typically necessary for germination.
History and traditions
Japanese millet has a long history of cultivation in Asia, particularly in India, Japan, and Korea. It has been used as a staple food crop for centuries, especially in regions with poor soils or unreliable rainfall. In some cultures, it is also used for religious ceremonies and festivals. Historically, it served as an important famine crop due to its quick growth and drought tolerance. It was also one of the first millets introduced to the United States.
Usage calendar
Planting: Spring (after the last frost). Flowering: Summer. Harvesting: Late Summer to Early Fall. Grain matures rapidly, typically within 60-90 days after planting. Pruning: Not typically pruned.