Squirting Cucumber, Exploding Cucumber, Bitter Cucumber
Ecballium elaterium
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
The squirting cucumber has limited direct permaculture applications due to its irritant properties. Historically used medicinally as a drastic purgative, but this is not recommended due to toxicity. The explosive seed dispersal mechanism can be observed, although it is not easily harnessed for beneficial uses. It is not typically eaten or used in companion planting.
Permapeople description
Squirting cucumber is a perennial herb native to the Mediterranean region. It is known for its unique seed dispersal mechanism: when the fruit is ripe, it detaches explosively from the stem, ejecting its seeds with force.
Botanical description
Ecballium elaterium is a herbaceous perennial plant in the Cucurbitaceae family, characterized by its unique explosive seed dispersal mechanism. It has trailing stems, roughly hairy leaves, and yellow flowers. The fruit is an oval, green, fleshy capsule that, when ripe, detaches from its stalk and forcefully ejects its seeds and a stream of mucilaginous liquid. This forceful ejection can propel seeds several meters away. The plant contains cucurbitacins, which contribute to its bitter taste and toxicity. It grows in disturbed areas, roadsides, and waste places, preferring sunny locations and well-drained soil.
Companion planting
No specific beneficial companion planting associations are known. Its invasive nature and irritant properties may make it an undesirable companion plant. It may compete with other plants for resources.
Propagation methods
Propagation is primarily achieved through seeds. Sow seeds in spring in a well-drained medium. Due to the plant's invasive potential, controlled cultivation is recommended. Self-sowing is also a common method of reproduction, aided by the plant's explosive seed dispersal mechanism.
History and traditions
Historically, Ecballium elaterium has been used in traditional medicine as a potent purgative and emetic. However, due to its toxicity and potential for severe side effects, its medicinal use has largely been abandoned. The plant's drastic action was once believed to cleanse the body of impurities, but modern medicine offers safer and more effective alternatives. There are limited cultural traditions associated with this plant beyond its medicinal uses.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs typically from June to September. Fruit ripening and seed dispersal occur in late summer and autumn. Sow seeds in spring. Pruning is not typically required.