Artichoke, Globe Artichoke, French Artichoke
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Edible immature flower buds (the artichoke heart and bracts) are steamed, boiled, grilled, or stuffed. Leaves can be used to make a digestive bitter. Considered a useful plant for attracting beneficial insects, acting as a windbreak when mature, and for its deep roots that improve soil structure. 'Green Globe' and 'Violetta di Chioggia' are popular cultivars for edible production.
Permapeople description
The globe artichoke is a large, perennial plant native to the Mediterranean region. It has a thick, woody stem that can grow up to 4-5 feet tall, and large, deeply lobed leaves that can grow up to 2-3 feet long. The plant produces large, thistle-like flowers that are purple in color and have multiple rows of bracts surrounding a large, edible flower head.
In terms of growing conditions, the globe artichoke prefers full sun and well-draining soil. It is not winter hardy, so it must be protected or brought indoors in areas with cold winters. To cultivate the plant successfully, a grower may need to provide regular watering and fertilization. Depending on your growing conditions it creates constantly new buds after the second year.
The edible parts of the globe artichoke are the flower heads and the tender portion of the stem. They can be prepared by boiling or steaming and served with melted butter or a dipping sauce. The cooked flower heads can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week.
In addition to being edible, the globe artichoke has several other uses. The leaves can be used as a natural diuretic, and the plant has also been used medicinally to improve liver and digestive health. The plant can also provide wind protection and ground cover in the garden.
Wildlife also benefits from the presence of the globe artichoke in the garden. The plant attracts bees and other pollinators, and the flowers provide a food source for birds and other animals.
Botanical description
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus, the globe artichoke, is a perennial thistle-like plant in the Asteraceae family. It typically grows to 1-2 meters tall and wide, with deeply lobed, silvery-green leaves. The plant produces large, edible flower buds, which are actually immature flower heads. These buds consist of numerous triangular bracts enclosing a fleshy 'heart' and a fuzzy 'choke'. If left unharvested, the buds will open into beautiful, thistle-like purple flowers. The plant has a substantial taproot system. The globe artichoke is a cultivar group of the wild cardoon, Cynara cardunculus.
Companion planting
Favorable companions include peas, beans, cabbage, sunflowers, and tarragon. Avoid planting near fennel, as it may inhibit growth. Artichokes are generally considered beneficial to other plants due to their role in attracting pollinators and beneficial insects.
Propagation methods
Propagation can be achieved through seeds, although cultivars rarely come true from seed. More commonly, artichokes are propagated by division of offshoots or suckers from the base of the plant. Root cuttings are also a viable method. Tissue culture is used commercially.
History and traditions
The artichoke has been cultivated since at least the time of the Roman Empire. It was highly valued as a delicacy and medicinal plant. Its origins are believed to be in the Mediterranean region, particularly Sicily and North Africa. In some cultures, the artichoke symbolizes hope and prosperity. Traditional medicine has used artichoke extracts for liver health and digestion.
Usage calendar
Planting: Spring or Fall (depending on climate). Flowering: Summer. Harvesting: Spring to early Summer, potentially again in Fall in milder climates. Pruning: After harvest, cut back spent flower stalks and remove dead leaves. Division: Spring or Fall.