🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Copaifera langsdorffii is primarily valued for its resin, known as copaiba oil, which is extracted from the trunk. This oil possesses medicinal properties and is used traditionally and commercially for anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and analgesic purposes. While not directly edible, the oil is incorporated into various health products. It has potential use as a biodiesel source. In a permaculture setting, it can contribute to a diversified agroforestry system, providing a valuable product while supporting biodiversity.
Permapeople description
Copaifera langsdorffii is a tree species in the genus Copaifera native to Brazil and other South American countries. It is known for its medicinal oil, copaiba oil, which is extracted from the trunk.
Botanical description
Copaifera langsdorffii is a medium-sized tree, typically reaching heights of 6-12 meters, though it can occasionally grow taller. It belongs to the Fabaceae family. The trunk is usually cylindrical and can be straight or slightly curved. The bark is grayish-brown and smooth when young, becoming rougher with age. The leaves are alternate, compound, and pinnate, with several pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are oval to lanceolate, with a smooth margin. Small, white, fragrant flowers are produced in panicles. The fruit is a small, one-seeded legume. The tree is notable for its copious resin production, which can be tapped from the trunk.
Companion planting
Copaifera langsdorffii can be integrated into agroforestry systems with a variety of companion plants. It tolerates partial shade when young, making it suitable for understory planting alongside taller trees. Due to its medicinal properties, it could be planted near medicinal herb gardens. Avoid planting near species sensitive to the allelopathic compounds potentially present in the resin.
Propagation methods
Copaifera langsdorffii can be propagated through seeds, although germination rates can be variable. Cuttings are also possible, but may require rooting hormones for success. Grafting onto established rootstocks is another potential method.
History and traditions
Copaiba oil has a long history of traditional use among indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin. It was traditionally used for treating skin ailments, respiratory problems, and inflammation. The medicinal properties of copaiba oil were recognized early by European colonizers, and it became an important export commodity from Brazil. Today, it continues to be used in traditional medicine and is also incorporated into modern pharmaceutical and cosmetic products worldwide.
Usage calendar
Flowering typically occurs during the rainy season. Resin extraction can take place year-round, but is often more productive during the drier months. Seed collection follows flowering and fruit maturation.