🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Due to its extreme toxicity, Cicuta virosa has no permaculture uses. It should be actively avoided in gardens and landscapes. There are no edible or medicinal uses.
Permapeople description
A poisonous herbaceous perennial plant of the parsley family.
Botanical description
Cicuta virosa is a highly poisonous herbaceous perennial plant in the carrot family, Apiaceae. It is native to Europe, northern Asia, and northwestern North America. It typically grows to a height of 0.5 to 2 meters. The stem is erect, hollow, and branching. The leaves are pinnately compound, with lance-shaped leaflets that have toothed margins. The flowers are small, white, and arranged in umbrella-shaped umbels. The roots are fleshy and tuberous, containing the highest concentration of cicutoxin.
Companion planting
Cicuta virosa has no beneficial companion plants. Its presence is detrimental to any surrounding vegetation due to its extreme toxicity and the risk of accidental poisoning to humans and animals.
Propagation methods
Cicuta virosa reproduces primarily by seed. The seeds require a period of cold stratification to germinate. While technically possible, propagation is strongly discouraged due to the plant's extreme toxicity.
History and traditions
Water hemlock has a long history as a deadly poison. It was used in ancient Greece for executions, most famously in the death of Socrates. Historically, it has also been used in accidental poisonings due to its resemblance to edible plants like parsnip and wild celery. There are no traditions of safe or beneficial use.
Usage calendar
Flowering typically occurs from June to August. Seed dispersal follows flowering. The plant remains toxic throughout the year.