🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
Red Valerian attracts beneficial insects, including hoverflies and bees, making it a good companion plant in vegetable gardens and orchards. Its long flowering period provides a continuous nectar source. The leaves are edible, though somewhat bitter, and can be added sparingly to salads. Some people use the root medicinally, similar to Valerian officinalis, as a mild sedative, though it is less potent. Different cultivars offer varying flower colors, expanding its ornamental value.
Permapeople description
Red valerian is a popular garden plant, grown for its long-lasting display of nectar-rich flowers. It is native to the Mediterranean region, but has naturalized widely elsewhere.
Botanical description
Centranthus ruber is a short-lived perennial plant in the family Caprifoliaceae (formerly Valerianaceae). It typically grows to a height of 2 to 3 feet. The plant features grey-green, lance-shaped leaves arranged oppositely on the stems. The flowers are small, tubular, and borne in dense clusters (cymes) at the ends of the stems. The most common flower color is red (hence the name 'ruber'), but pink and white varieties exist. It is native to the Mediterranean region but has naturalized widely in temperate areas. It thrives in well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. The fruit is a small achene.
Companion planting
Red Valerian is a good companion plant for vegetables and fruit trees due to its ability to attract pollinators and beneficial insects. Avoid planting it near plants that prefer very acidic soil, as Centranthus ruber prefers slightly alkaline conditions. No major antagonisms are reported.
Propagation methods
Red Valerian is most easily propagated by seed. Seeds can be directly sown in the garden in spring or fall. It also self-seeds readily. Cuttings can be taken from non-flowering shoots in spring or early summer. Root division is possible, but less common.
History and traditions
Red Valerian has a history of use in traditional herbal medicine, primarily as a mild sedative and nervine. It was also used to treat wounds and skin ailments. In some cultures, it was believed to have protective properties against evil spirits. Its easy self-seeding led to its adoption in cottage gardens where it was appreciated for its vibrant color and low maintenance.
Usage calendar
Flowering: May to September. Seed collection: August to October. Planting: Spring or Fall. Pruning: After flowering to encourage a second flush of blooms and prevent excessive self-seeding.