🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
The fruits are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked, though they are small and have a large pit. The leaves can be used as fodder for livestock. The wood is strong and flexible, suitable for tool handles and furniture. It can be used as a shade tree in a garden or agroforestry system. Its dense canopy provides shelter for wildlife and helps to improve soil quality through leaf litter decomposition. Drought-tolerant and adaptable to various soil types, making it useful for erosion control and soil stabilization in challenging environments. Certain cultivars may offer superior fruit production or ornamental qualities.
Permapeople description
Celtis sinensis, commonly known as Chinese hackberry, is a deciduous tree native to East Asia. It is a medium-sized tree known for its tolerance of various soil conditions and urban environments.
Botanical description
Celtis sinensis, commonly known as Chinese Hackberry, is a deciduous tree typically reaching heights of 30-60 feet with a broad, spreading crown. The bark is smooth and gray, becoming furrowed with age. Leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, 2-4 inches long, with serrated margins and prominent veins. The flowers are small, greenish, and inconspicuous, appearing in spring. The fruits are small, spherical drupes, about 1/4 inch in diameter, ripening from green to orange-red to dark purple or black. The tree is monoecious, meaning it has both male and female flowers on the same plant. It is native to East Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea.
Companion planting
Generally considered a beneficial tree for attracting wildlife. It can be used as a windbreak or shade tree for more sensitive plants. Avoid planting near structures due to its potentially large size and root system. Specific companion plants may vary depending on the garden environment and desired outcome.
Propagation methods
Propagation is typically done by seed. Seeds require scarification and stratification to improve germination rates. Cuttings can also be used, though they may require rooting hormones. Grafting and budding are other possible methods for propagating specific cultivars.
History and traditions
In traditional Chinese medicine, the bark and leaves have been used for various purposes. The fruits have been a traditional food source in some Asian cultures. The tree has also been planted for shade and ornamental purposes for centuries in its native range and increasingly in other parts of the world.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs in spring (April-May). Fruits ripen in autumn (September-October). Seeds should be collected after the fruit is fully ripe. Planting is best done in spring or fall. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.