Formosan Gum, Chinese Sweet Gum, Formosan Sweetgum
Liquidambar formosana
🌿 Morphology
🌞 Growing conditions
🌍 Origin and family
🌾 Uses
Warning: Despite the care taken in writing this sheet, it is essential to cross-reference sources before using or consuming any plant. When in doubt, consult a qualified professional
Permaculture uses
The sap can be tapped and used similarly to maple syrup, though it is less common. The leaves and bark have traditional medicinal uses. In permaculture, the tree provides shade and can be used as a windbreak. Fallen leaves contribute to soil building as mulch. No particularly notable cultivars for specific permaculture uses exist.
Permapeople description
Formosan Gum, also known as Chinese Sweet Gum, is a deciduous tree native to East Asia, including Taiwan and China. It can grow up to 40 meters tall. The leaves are star-shaped with three lobes and turn vibrant shades of red, orange, and purple in the fall. It produces spherical, spiky fruits.
Formosan Gum prefers well-drained soil and full sun. It is relatively adaptable and can tolerate a range of soil types. It is often used as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens.
The leaves and bark have been used in traditional medicine. The wood is also used for furniture and construction.
Botanical description
Liquidambar formosana is a deciduous tree in the Altingiaceae family. It typically grows to a height of 60-100 feet, with a pyramidal to rounded crown. The leaves are alternate, palmately lobed with three lobes (rarely five), and 4-8 inches wide. They are glossy green in summer, turning vibrant shades of red, orange, and purple in the fall. The bark is gray-brown and deeply furrowed. The flowers are inconspicuous, greenish, and appear in spring. The fruit is a spiky, spherical capsule cluster about 1-1.5 inches in diameter, maturing in the fall and persisting through the winter.
Companion planting
No specific companion planting information is widely available. Generally, avoid planting it too close to structures due to its size. Consider its acidic leaf litter when choosing understory plants; acid-loving plants will benefit. It is likely to compete with shallow-rooted plants for water and nutrients.
Propagation methods
Propagation is typically achieved through seeds. Stratification is recommended to improve germination rates. Cuttings are also possible, but less common. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken in summer can be rooted under mist.
History and traditions
In traditional Chinese medicine, the leaves and bark of Liquidambar formosana have been used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It has been used to treat wounds, skin conditions, and pain. The tree is also valued for its ornamental qualities in gardens and parks throughout Asia.
Usage calendar
Flowering occurs in spring (April-May). Seed collection takes place in the fall (October-November). Planting is best done in spring or fall. Pruning, if necessary, should be carried out in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Fall foliage color is most prominent in October and November.